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July ’24 Metagame Update: Bird’s the Word

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July's data is here. Unfortunately, it confirms what most of us feared in June's data. Nadu Breakfast is in fact as good as it appears. So good that I've finally had to define Tier 0. However, it's a bit more complex than previous Tier 0 metagames. Nadu is impressive, but there are a number of other decks to watch. It will be interesting to see what happens on August 26.

Missing Data Update

June's data hole has been resolved, but we still lack an official resolution. Daybreak started posting Magic Online (MTGO) results again on July 8, including everything that they'd skipped during the outage. However, they no longer post all the results. They're back to only releasing curated lists of League 5-0's and the Top 32 of Challenges, and they've stopped posting Preliminary results all together. They haven't said why to the best of my knowledge.

However, the actual reason is obvious. When any business suddenly ceases operations without explanation or communication, it's always due to some legal threat. Initially, I thought it could be a vulnerability exposed by their API, but the duration of the communication blackout is consistent with what would appear to be a lawsuit threat.

There was an error retrieving a chart for Rules Lawyer

Given that Daybreak has clamped down on data releases, it's clear that for some reason, Hasbro's lawyers may have threatened threatened them and that this is the compromise reached. It's well known that Hasbro hates sharing data and Wizards believes that too much data causes formats to be solved too quickly, so it fits.

I'm feeling fortunate I never tried to incorporate all the data Daybreak was throwing around into these updates. It's have been a lot of effort thrown away. However, only having access to Challenge data will make future updates interesting. Preliminaries added a lot of flavor and texture to the data but Challenges were the meat, so we're losing some context and vision on Modern.

However, July's MTGO population is the highest I've had this year. There's give and take.

Tier 0 Defined

Nadu Breakfast has finally forced me to define Tier 0. I wasn't doing these stats during Eldrazi Winter or Hogaak Summer, and therefore couldn't compare their stats to anything I saw over the past three years. I always said I'd know it when I see it and cross the bridge when it came. We're over the bridge thanks to Nadu, so Nadu gets to define what it means to be Tier 0.

Based on Nadu's stats in mid-July, I define a Tier 0 deck thusly: A Tier 0 deck is a statistical outlier above the rest of Tier 1, and its average points are substantially above the rest of Tier 1. It has to be the top of the top decks and be doing much better than all of them. It doesn't matter if Tier 2 or 3 decks outperform the Tier 0 deck on average points, that's normal and expected. Tier 1 is what matters.

There was an error retrieving a chart for Nadu, Winged Wisdom

However, Nadu won't be listed as Tier 0 for the MTGO stats. It no longer meets the definition. What happened is that starting around July 20, Nadu started appearing more in the Top 32 than Top 16, which slowly dragged down its average points. At the same time, Jeskai Control started only appearing in the Top 16, pulling up its average. The two averages are now close enough that Nadu doesn't qualify as Tier 0 anymore. There's no contest in paper though.

Other Outliers

Nadu is joined as an outlier in both play mediums by Jeskai Control and Boros Energy. Necro Scam is also an outlier on MTGO. As always, outliers are removed from the statistical analysis though they're reported in their correct positions on the Tier Lists.

July Population Metagame

To make the tier list, a given deck has to beat the overall average population for the month. The average is my estimate for how many results a given deck "should" produce in a given month. To be considered a tiered deck, it must perform better than "good enough". Every deck that posts at least the average number of results is "good enough" and makes the tier list.

Then we go one standard deviation (STdev) above average to set the limit of Tier 3 and the cutoff for Tier 2. This mathematically defines Tier 3 as those decks clustered near the average. Tier 2 goes from the cutoff to the next standard deviation. These are decks that perform well above average. Tier 1 consists of those decks at least two standard deviations above the mean result, encompassing the truly exceptional performing decks.

There was an error retrieving a chart for Ruby Medallion

The MTGO data nearly exclusively comes from official Preliminary and Challenge results. Leagues are excluded, as they add analytically useless bulk data to both the population and power tiers. The paper data comes from any source I can find, with all reported events being counted.

While the MTGO events report predictable numbers, paper events can report anything from only the winner to all the results. In the latter case, if match results aren't included, I'll take as much of the Top 32 as possible. If match results are reported, I'll take winning record up to Top 32, and then any additional decks tied with 32nd place, as tiebreakers are a magic most foul and black.

The MTGO Population Data

May's adjusted average population for MTGO was 8.33. I always round down if the decimal is less than .20. Tier 3, therefore, begins with decks posting 9 results. The adjusted STdev was 18.51, so add 19 and that means Tier 3 runs to 28 results. Again, it's the starting point to the cutoff, then the next whole number for the next Tier. Therefore Tier 2 starts with 29 results and runs to 48. Subsequently, to make Tier 1, 49 decks are required.

There was an error retrieving a chart for Necrodominance

As mentioned, MTGO's population exploded in July. There are 1600 decks in the sample from 50 Challenges, the highest sample ever. The next closest was last January at 1400. I have no idea if this is a new normal or not. The number of unique decks rose to 111 but the unique deck ratio is a paltry 0.07, down from .16 in June. Lots of decks means more unique lists, but not proportionately. The number of tiered decks is 22, exactly the same as June's. There wasn't much reason to experiment in July.

Deck NameTotal #Total %
Tier 1
Nadu Breakfast24015.00
Boros Energy16210.12
Necro Scam16110.06
Jeskai Control1469.12
Mardu Energy1137.06
Goryo Blink1036.44
Colorless Tron754.69
RG Eldrazi533.31
Living End503.12
UB Murktide493.06
Tier 2
Mono-Green Etron432.69
Ruby Storm392.44
Tier 3
Izzet Wizards251.56
Mono-Black Nightmare211.31
Mono-Red Prowess191.19
Ritual Yawgmoth161.00
Izzet Murktide161.00
Mill161.00
Mardu Bombardment140.87
Amulet Titan130.81
Lotus Field130.81
Burn100.62
There's the wildly unbalanced distribution I'd grown accustomed to.

So, yeah. Nadu blasted everything else out of the water. Not even close.

That said, I think the thing to really focus on is all the energy decks. Jeskai Control only sort of counts as energy. Both the general purpose Boros and Mardu Energy decks made the tier list, but so did the more specialized Mardu Bombardment decks and Mono-Black Nightmare. Wizards wanted energy to be relevant again, and they've succeeded.

Meanwhile, some Yawgmoth decks remained virtually unchanged from pre-MH3 while some have embraced Birthing Ritual. The Ritual versions gradually gained ground over July and they're the only ones that made the tier list. Having played against it, I get why. Ritual is a much better value engine than Agatha's Soul Cauldron.

The Paper Population Data

June had a solid paper population. January had 803 decks, February 890, March had 311, April hit 559, May fell to 389, June had 536, while July rose to 589. Paper's diversity is down slightly, though it's not as dramatic. July has 96 unique decks and a ratio of .163, while June had 97 decks and a ratio of .169. Statistically, diversity and population have not meaningfully changed.

The population increase means that 30 decks made the tier list. The adjusted average population was 4.15, so 4 results make the list. The adjusted STDev was 6.05, so the increment is 6. Therefore, Tier 3 runs from 4 to 10, Tier 2 is 11 to 17, and Tier 1 is 18 and over.

Deck NameTotal #Total %
Tier 0
Nadu Breakfast10217.32
Tier 1
Jeskai Control569.51
Boros Energy457.64
Goryo Blink315.26
Mardu Energy315.26
Necro Scam254.24
UB Murktide193.23
Tier 2
Merfolk172.89
Mono-Green Etron162.72
Living End162.72
Colorless Eldrazi122.04
Izzet Wizards122.04
GR Eldrazi111.87
Tier 3
Ruby Storm101.70
Ritual Yawgmoth101.70
Domain Cats81.36
Mono-Red Prowess71.19
Burn71.19
Rack Scam71.19
Jund Saga71.19
Izzet Murktide61.02
UR Eldrazi50.85
Jeskai Wizards50.85
4-C Control50.85
Amulet Titan50.85
Mardu Bombardment50.85
Hammer Time40.68
MG Eldrazi40.68
Mono-Blue Tron40.68
Dimir Shadow40.68
Don't get used to having Tier 0 here, I expect it to be gone in August.

There are a lot of differences in deck positions between MTGO and paper, with Necro Scam not being an outlier being the most prominent. To go from outlier #3 to barely on Tier 1 is quite significant. There's also the fact that the Eldrazi decks all performed worse in paper than online. It's too early to tell if that means anything other beyond the fact that the player bases are so different. I know that the MTGO crowd were going nuts over a solved metagame only for it to not work as expected.

I'll take this opportunity to call out the Lotus Field deck. It making the Tier List is down to the work of three players on MTGO. Nobody else seems to be winning with this deck. Just the three. When I talk about specialists and the effect they have on the data, this is what I'm talking about.

July Power Metagame

Tracking the metagame in terms of population is standard practice. But how do results actually factor in? Better decks should also have better results. In an effort to measure this, I use a power ranking system in addition to the prevalence list. By doing so, I measure the relative strengths of each deck within the metagame so that a deck that just squeaks into Top 32 isn't valued the same as one that Top 8's. This better reflects metagame potential.

There was an error retrieving a chart for Guide of Souls

For the MTGO data, points are awarded based on the population of the event. Preliminaries award points based on record (1 for 3 wins, 2 for 4 wins, 3 for 5), and Challenges are scored 3 points for the Top 8, 2 for Top 16, and 1 for Top 32. If I can find them, non-Wizards events will be awarded points the same as Challenges or Preliminaries depending on what the event in question reports/behaves like. Super Qualifiers and similar higher-level events get an extra point and so do other events if they’re over 200 players, with a fifth point for going over 400 players.

Due to paper reporting being inconsistent and frequently full of data gaps compared to MTGO, its points work differently. I award points based on the size of the tournament rather than placement. For events with no reported starting population or up to 32 players, one point is awarded to every deck. Events with 33 players up to 128 players get two points. From 129 players up to 512 players get three. Above 512 is four points, and five points is reserved for Modern Pro Tours. When paper reports more than the Top 8, which is rare, I take all the decks with a winning record or tied for Top 32, whichever is pertinent.

The MTGO Power Tiers

As with the population numbers, total points are up, from 820 to 2856. The adjusted average points were 14.09, therefore 14 points made Tier 3. The STDev was 32.06, so add 32 to the starting point, and Tier 3 runs to 46 points. Tier 2 starts with 47 points and runs to 79. Tier 1 requires at least 80 points. Mono-Green Eldrazi (the non-Tron version) and UR Eldrazi joined the list.

Deck NameTotal PointsTotal %
Tier 1
Nadu Breakfast47216.53
Necro Scam30210.57
Boros Energy28910.12
Jeskai Control2859.98
Mardu Energy2087.28
Goryo Blink1736.06
Colorless Tron1234.31
RG Eldrazi863.01
Tier 2
Living End782.73
UB Murktide772.70
Mono-Green Etron772.70
Ruby Storm672.35
Izzet Wizards511.79
Tier 3
Mono-Black Nightmare401.40
Mono-Red Prowess331.15
Izzet Murktide311.08
Mill291.01
Lotus Field270.94
Ritual Yawgmoth260.91
Amulet Titan230.80
Mardu Bombardment220.77
Burn160.56
Mono-Green Eldrazi150.52
UR Eldrazi140.49
At least Tier 2 exists again.

There's quite a lot of movement between and within the tiers. This will make perfect sense once we get to the average power.

The Paper Power Tiers

Paper's total points are actually down in July, 1256 to 984. There were more events in July, but none of them were a Pro Tour, which boosted June's points far above what they should have been. The adjusted average points were 6.54, setting the cutoff at 7 points. The STDev was 9.90, thus add 10 to the starting point and Tier 3 runs to 17 points. Tier 2 starts with 18 points and runs to 28. Tier 1 requires at least 29 points. The bottom four decks from the population tier fell off on power, as did Jeskai Wizards. Jeskai Combo Breach made the population tier in their place.

Deck NameTotal PointsTotal %
Tier 0
Nadu Breakfast19920.22
Tier 1
Jeskai Control10210.37
Boros Energy757.62
Necro Scam474.78
Goryo Blink464.67
Mardu Energy454.57
UB Murktide353.56
Merfolk292.95
Tier 2
Mono-Green Etron272.74
Living End242.44
Izzet Wizards202.03
Colorless Eldrazi191.93
GR Eldrazi191.93
Ruby Storm191.93
Tier 3
Ritual Yawgmoth161.63
Domain Cats141.42
Mono-Red Prowess111.12
Burn111.12
Rack Scam101.02
Izzet Murktide101.02
UR Eldrazi90.91
4-C Control90.91
Jund Saga80.81
Amulet Titan80.81
Mardu Bombardment80.81
Izzet Breach70.71
This looks better than it actually is because of the Tier 0 deck.

Again, there's a lot of dynamism in these tiers. The Tier 0 deck is quite oppressive, but not enough to prevent metagame dynamism beneath it. I assume that this is thanks to everyone assuming that it will be banned.

Composite Metagame

That's a lot of data, but what does it all mean? When Modern Nexus was first started, we had a statistical method to combine the MTGO and paper data, but the math of that system doesn't work without big paper events. I tried. Instead, I'm using an averaging system to combine the data. I take the MTGO results and average the tier, then separately average the paper results, then average the paper and MTGO results together for final tier placement.

This generates a lot of partial Tiers. That's not a bug, but a feature. The nuance separates the solidly Tiered decks from the more flexible ones and shows the true relative power differences between the decks. Every deck in the paper and MTGO results is on the table, and when they don't appear in a given category, they're marked N/A. This is treated as a 4 for averaging purposes.

Deck NameMTGO Pop TierMTGO Power TierMTGO Average TierPaper Pop TierPaper Power TierPaper Average TierComposite Tier
Nadu Breakfast1110000.50
Boros Energy1111111.00
Necro Scam1111111.00
Jeskai Control1111111.00
Mardu Energy1111111.00
Goryo Blink1111111.00
UB Murktide121.51111.25
Colorless Tron1112221.50
RG Eldrazi1112221.50
Living End121.52221.75
Mono-Green Etron2222222.00
Ruby Storm222322.52.25
Izzet Wizards322.52222.25
MerfolkN/AN/AN/A211.52.75
Mono-Red Prowess3333333.00
Ritual Yawgmoth3333333.00
Izzet Murktide3333333.00
Mardu Bombardment3333333.00
Amulet Titan3333333.00
Burn3333333.00
UR EldraziN/A33.53333.25
Mono-Black Nightmare333N/AN/AN/A3.50
Mill333N/AN/AN/A3.50
Lotus Field333N/AN/AN/A3.50
Mono-Green Eldrazi
N/A33.53N/A3.53.50
Domain CatsN/AN/AN/A3333.50
Rack ScamN/AN/AN/A3333.50
Jund SagaN/AN/AN/A3333.50
4-Color ControlN/AN/AN/A3333.50
Jeskai WizardsN/AN/AN/A3N/A3.53.75
Hammer TimeN/AN/AN/A3N/A3.53.75
Mono-Blue TronN/AN/AN/A3N/A3.53.75
Dimir ShadowN/AN/AN/A3N/A3.53.75
Izzet Breach ComboN/AN/AN/AN/A33.53.75

Average Power Rankings

Finally, we come to the average power rankings. These are found by taking the total points earned and dividing them by total decks, to measure points per deck. I use this to measure strength vs. popularity. Measuring deck strength is hard. There is no Wins-Above-Replacement metric for Magic, and I'm not certain that one could be credibly devised. The game is too complex, and even then, power is very contextual.

Using the power rankings helps to show how justified a deck’s popularity is. However, more popular decks will still necessarily earn a lot of points. Therefore, the top tier doesn't move much between population and power and obscures whether its decks really earned their position. 

There was an error retrieving a chart for Phlage, Titan of Fire's Fury

This is where the averaging comes in. Decks that earn a lot of points because they get a lot of results will do worse than decks that win more events, indicating which deck actually performs better.

A higher average indicates lots of high finishes, whereas low averages result from mediocre performances and a high population. Lower-tier decks typically do very well here, likely due to their pilots being enthusiasts. Bear this in mind and be careful about reading too much into these results. However, as a general rule, decks that place above the baseline average are over-performing, and vice versa.

How far above or below that average a deck sits justifies its position on the power tiers. Decks well above baseline are undervalued, while decks well below baseline are very popular, but aren't necessarily good.

The Real Story

When considering the average points, the key is looking at how far off a deck is from the Baseline stat (the overall average of points/population). The closer a deck’s performance to the Baseline, the more likely it is to be performing close to its "true" potential.

A deck that is exactly average would therefore perform exactly as well as expected. The greater the deviation from the average, the more a deck under or over-performs. On the low end, a deck’s placing was mainly due to population rather than power, which suggests it’s overrated. A high-scoring deck is the opposite of this.

I'll begin with the averages for MTGO

Deck NameAverage PointsPower Tier
Lotus Field2.083
Izzet Wizards2.042
UR Eldrazi2.003
Nadu Breakfast1.971
Jeskai Control1.951
Izzet Murktide1.943
Mono-Black Nightmare1.903
Necro Scam1.881
Mono-Green Eldrazi1.873
Mardu Energy1.841
Mill1.813
Mono-Green Etron1.792
Boros Energy1.781
Amulet Titan1.773
Mono-Red Prowess1.743
Ruby Storm1.722
Goryo Blink1.681
Colorless Tron1.641
Ritual Yawgmoth1.623
RG Eldrazi1.621
Burn1.603
Baseline1.59
UB Murktide1.572
Mardu Bombardment1.573
Living End1.562

As Nadu is the top Tier 1 deck on MTGO, it would normally get Deck of the Month. However, as it's Tier 0 in paper, I'm disqualifying Nadu from the running in both mediums. Instead, Jeskai Control gets to be MTGO Deck of July.

Now the paper averages:

Deck NameAverage PointsPower Tier
Izzet Breach2.333
Nadu Breakfast1.950
Ruby Storm1.902
Necro Scam1.881
UB Murktide1.841
Jeskai Control1.821
UR Eldrazi1.803
4-C Control1.803
Merfolk1.761
Domain Cats1.753
GR Eldrazi1.732
Mono-Green Etron1.692
Boros Energy1.671
Izzet Wizards1.672
Izzet Murktide1.673
Ritual Yawgmoth1.603
Amulet Titan1.603
Mardu Bombardment1.603
Colorless Eldrazi1.582
Mono-Red Prowess1.573
Burn1.573
Living End1.502
Baseline1.50
Mono-Green Eldrazi1.50N/A
Goryo Blink1.481
Mardu Energy1.451
Rack Scam1.433
Hammer Time1.25N/A
Mono-Blue Tron1.25N/A
Jund Saga1.143
Dimir Shadow1.00N/A

As the top finishing Tier 1 deck, Necro Scam is paper's Deck of July.

Analysis

Alright Nadu, time to be real with you. You're a Tier 0 deck. The early results from August indicate that will continue. Tier 0 decks that don't get answered get banned. Your days should be numbered. It is my firm and fervent hope that Wizards has learned from Bridge from Below and will just ban the problematic card. There's no universe where what Nadu does, even if all the combo enablers get banned. There are a lot of those, so it's quite unlikely that Wizards would ban many cards than just one. There's a reason the best card in Modern is so cheap; no thinks it will be legal after Wizards next Ban Day, August 26.

Cheap Energy

Assuming that Nadu does fully and completely die, what happens next? It's easy to assume that Jeskai and Necro will take over, but that's ignoring that both are reactive decks built with Nadu in mind. They may significantly change as the metagame changes post-Nadu and/or the metagame may make them significantly better or worse. That's the problem with reactive decks, you never know.

There was an error retrieving a chart for Ocelot Pride

However, what I'm certain of is that the energy decks will remain a significant force. Guide of Souls into Amped Raptor and/or Ocelot Pride is too strong a start to just disappear. That's not a bad thing. It's been quite a while since go-wide, small-creature flood the board aggro was a major metagame force. The trend has been for burn spells and big creatures or disruption to carry aggro.

There was an error retrieving a chart for Amped Raptor

Additionally, energy decks aren't that hard to answer. Spot removal into sweeper still works really well against this style of deck. The fact that Pride floods the board with 1/1's makes Pyroclasm Modern playable for the first time in nearly 10 years. Additionally, none of the energy decks in paper or online were showing particularly high win rates, so I'm not worried if they do grow in popularity. If Wizards disagrees, it will most likely target Guide as it's the key to the engine.

More Bans Possible?

I know that players are generally frustrated with more than just Nadu. The One Ring and Grief are the usual targets for that frustration. I understand. I certainly wouldn't be sad to see either or both go. However, I do think it's unlikely to happen. I suspect that Wizards will find an excuse to avoid banning anything unrelated to Nadu this time around. It will be justified by saying that they don't know the real post-MH3 metagame and want to give that a chance to emerge before any additional changes.

There was an error retrieving a chart for The One Ring

Whether that's the correct move is a judgement call. I can't analyze player's fun. On the stats, Grief probably doesn't deserve a ban. The percentage of decks using Grief is fairly high, the odds of successfully Scamming it in have decreased. Very few decks are running more than one Feign Death effect anymore, so the most egregious use has fallen. The flip side of that is that Grief is being Ephemerated more than it used to be, though still not as much as everyone thought it'd be after MH2.

The Ring is trickier. It is currently the most played nonland card in Modern. By a wide margin. It is also one of the only reasons that slower decks are viable in the current metagame, and also the previous one. Removing The Ring would speed up a lot of games and force the slower decks to play interactive cards rather than getting to blank opposing turns while drawing cards. However, that may also be a death sentence in the face of energy decks.

Financial Implications

There have been two set releases since my last article, and because of Nadu and MH3 more generally, nothing's made much impact on Modern. However, everyone is holding their breath, waiting for August 26th. Therefore, I'd prepare to pick up cheaper staples now anticipating higher demand as players rebuild their decks or buy into new ones.

There was an error retrieving a chart for Dour Port-Mage

As a speculative venture, Dour Port-Mage has some promise. Players like to draw cards, and they're jonesing for another Up the Beanstalk-like engine. Given how hyped Aspiringspike is for the card, it wouldn't surprise me to see considerable brewing happening around it, so I'd pick it up while it's still cheap before it becomes Suncleanser.

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